A pipeline collects, conducts and discharges electric current of high voltage direct current (HVDC) origin as a result of the electric field established by the DC current transmitted through...
The purpose of this document is to describe the design philosophy for the flare, vent, relief, and blowdown systems. This philosophy helps to establish the design basis for each of these syste...
This document suggests the minimum requirements for the selection and installation of mechanical isolation devices such as isolation valves, spades, spectacle blinds, removable spool pieces, d...
Passive Fire Protection focuses on the protection of structures in the process areas and outlines the general requirements for passive fire protection and active fire protection of structu...
The term “Fire Protection” as used herein includes active and passive fire protection . This section, Active Fire Protection outlines the intended use of active (water and/or foam) systems...
Determining current requirements for coated lines including when pipe-to-soil potential values are estimated To determining current requirements for coated lines: Start survey along the li...
A quick and surprisingly accurate method of determining liquid discharge from an open ended horizontal pipe makes use of the formula: GPM = (2.56 * X * d 2 ) / Y 1/2 Where: GPM = gallons ...
Portable Utility Hoses used in the energy industry to transfer air, water, steam, condensate, and nitrogen are often subject to heavy usage. If hoses are not properly maintained, safety incide...
Handling of energized tracers involves electrical and thermal hazards While performing mechanical maintenance, a contractor received an electric shock while handling an energized self-limit...
Associated Gas — Associated Gas is found in reservoir where gas is dissolved in crude oil (solution gas) and in some cases also in contact with underlying gas-saturated crude (gas-cap gas). ...
To calculate the leakage in MMcf (Million Cubic Feet) per year at a base pressure of 14.4 psia and a temperature of 60°F, take as a basis a one mile section of gas line under one hour test. U...
Reflects the capacity to pipe size relationship when L (length), P1 (inlet pressure) and P2 (outlet pressure) are constant.
The basic technique is the same as " trouble shooting cathodic protection systems: rectifier-ground bed "; more measurements are required, because of the multiplicity of drain points...
When the monitor, or a pipe-to-soil potential survey, indicates inadequacy of protection, the first place to look is at the protective unit. The current output of the rectifier should be check...
Each valve type has various design details that differ based on manufacturer. The following provides a brief description on types and uses of manual valves in the industry. Ball Valve is a ...