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Additional information on the PWHT of equipment in Alkaline solutions. All equipment that handle amine solutions, such as MEA, MDEA, DEA and FLEXSORB amines, with concentrations greater than...
All four specifications were produced to provide guidelines for design storage tanks; however, each specification was produce to give a specific area of the storage tank. API 650: <...
No, vent or drain holes in handrails should not be drilled larger than 1/4" during fabrication on the underside of all handrail chords. Burning is also not recommended....
Rectangular tanks&nbsp;require extensive computer stress analysis to identify reinforcing requirements. Nozzle requirements introduced need for reinforcements. Stayed construction requi...
The surge force applied to a single process vessel and its support structure for process equipment is: Fluid Catalytic Cracking: 0.075W Flexicracking: 0.075W Fluid Coking: 0.15W Flex...
I think the below, not in any particular order, are currently the highest compensated careers in the oil &amp; gas industry: Reservoir engineering Dril...
Recommend to use two component system: Epoxy Mastic – Surface Tolerant Primer (May contain Aluminum Pigment), and Aliphatic Polyurethane topcoat. All surface cleaning, prepara...
I would also recommend the presence of a NACE CIP Level III coating inspector to monitor all phases of the job....
Yes, extrapolating is needed in this case to determine your actual allowable pressure. From the Standard Pipe Code Table: Class, Temp&nbsp;0F Working Press...
A hard shut-in would require the following steps: Hydraulically operated BOP stack choke and kill valves to be in the closed position Valves on the choke manifold not in line with no...
Yes, the Government of Angola just enacted a new series of law with a strong impact on the fiscal regime, effective 1 January 2015. The new decree effects: WHT rate raised ...
Pig Launcher & Receiver should be designed in accordance to ASME B31.8 and ASME Sect. VIII Div. 1. Material used should be High Yield Carbon Steel for launcher and receiver both for majo...
Specification break between ASME B31.8 and the next/existing ASME Code to be at nozzles of the launcher/receiver and upstream of production headers at barred tees....
I do not have the layout to suggest but you can contact one of the accommodation manufacturers and they can provide some sketches or their recommended layouts. However, consider the followin...
Gas: superheated steam Vapor: saturated steam Liquid: water The difference between liquid and vapor/gas is the compressibility. A gas is a single thermodynamic phase, whereas a vapor ...
Whoever comes to work in a particular country (i.e. Nigeria) or visit more than just a couple of days may be accounted as local content. We generally tend to account national staffs (e.g. Ni...
The purpose of the closed loop recycle run will be to prove the mechanical integrity of the compressor train and prove that all the systems that have previously been tested in isolation, now functi...
Yes, large amounts of methanol are injected into pipelines and wells. It is also used to prevent water (mixed with methanol) from freezing during injection into wells. Methanol is widely use...
The Drilling Riser forms a single high-pressure barrier for containing well bore fluids and pressures between the subsea wellhead and the surface Blowout Preventer (BOP). Design pressure is typical...
You may want to consider the followings: Blowdown valves should be provided for low point drains in the turbine supply and exhaust steam lines, and in the turbine casing.&nbsp; T...
General Design Requirements: The pressure vessel should be fitted with lifting lugs suitable for installation of the vessel. All nozzles except those for instrumentation should ...
There are many specialized engineering firms (Schlumberger, Aker Solutions, etc.) that have their own tools to calculate umbilical pressure drops. Basically, some of these applications use b...
For gear units above 1000 HP (750 kW), all hydrodynamic bearings should be removed, inspected, and reassembled after the mechanical running tests are complete. Inspection of the hydrodynamic bearin...
You can use the table below for the acceptable noise level for each hour. You can tabulate to get the correct dBA if the hour you need is between the number shown. Permissibl...
If you involve a contractor to provide the hydrotest, they should be involved rather early in the project stage to ensure the following steps (not in particular order) are met: ...
Pipe ring simply is a round shaped metal part used to support a pipe from a suspended rod. The ring is typically made from Cast Iron or Carbon Steel to meet specifications. Pipe R...
Here is my number. I believe this is the minimum and it can go higher depending on your situations and/or seniority. Reservoir Engineering: $1900 Logistic Manager: ...
Image example of a Pipe Ring....
I believe you did not provide a complete question, but I will comment based on your current question the way you posed. First of all, if you are given or required to used a stress value of 2...
Single pass weld repairs are not allowed.Weld repairs should be a minimum of 127 mm (5 in.) long and 3 mm (0.125 in.) deep.The maximum weld repair depth should not exceed 75 percent of the wall thi...
Type of Storage TankDescriptionFloating Roof TankOpen top or fixed roof tank containing pontoon, double deck, or similar compartmented design floating roofFixed roof tank containing an internal flo...
Substation - An assembly of switchgear or control center equipment supplied directly by feeders or by adjacent transformers.Main Substation - A substation or switch-yard which supplies al...
You decide what is the difference. Below are descriptions of each.Design pressure is the maximum pressure that the system that can be exposed to and sets the system relief valve at the same pressur...
Combustible Liquids: High flash liquids [flash points 100°F (38°C) or higher] when handled at temperatures more than 15°F (8°C) below their flash point....
Flammable Liquids: Low flash liquids [flash point below 100°F (38°C)]; and high flash liquids [flash point 100°F (38°C) or higher] when handled at temperatures above or within 15°F (8°C) of th...
Flammable Materials: Flammable liquids; hydrocarbon vapors; and other vapors, (i.e., hydrogen and carbon disulfide) that are readily ignitable when released to atmosphere....
Cyclic Service - a pressure vessel is in cyclic service if an assessment of the vessel according to ASME Section VIII Division 2, AD-160 indicates that a fatigue analysis is required Continu...
Equipment with high fire potential includes any of the following:Pumps with a rated capacity over 150 gpm (34 m3/h) handling light ends.Pumps with a rated capacity over 200 gpm (45 m3/h) handling f...
a note on "Light Ends" Light Ends means flammable liquids having a Reid Vapor Pressure of 15 psia (103.4 kPa) or greater....
I could not give a clear answer since no clear idea on "reasonable cost". But I can see a huge cost increase based on some past works from someone I know. For storage capacity, internal tur...
Theoretically, it can be. But in real practice, I don't think anybody will do it. 100 m to 400 m WD is not a big deal. But modification will cost too much for management to justify. Spread mooring ...
Repairs should be limited to 8% of the weld length.Repair on repair should not be allowed.Open root repairs should not be allowed.Local through-wall repairs should not be permitted. Joints should b...
This category includes high flash stocks such as kerosene, some jet fuels, heating oils, heavy fuel oils, lubricating oils, transformer oils, and some asphalts....
Premium Class drill pipe has become the NORM in the industry for drilling, while Class 2 has been rarely used by most Operators.Premium ClassClass 2Tube wall thickness (% remaining wall)>= ...
It means that valve complies with API Standard 607....
Integrated plant is a group of two or more individual process units located within a common process block and designed to be interdependent in operation (heat exchanger integration, lack of interme...
Volatile Sample - Any sample that has a dry vapor pressure in the range of 2 to 16 psia (13 to 105 kPa).Toxic Sample - Any sample that will be harmful to humans through dermal exposure or...
The short answer is yes. However, you should not charge your cooler to the design pressure as it will be set off by the pressure relief valve. The target pressure for the cooler or any parti...
The maximum allowable working (operating) pressure should 10-25% lower than the design pressure.Refer to the below link to an answer regarding working pressure and design pressure.http://www.ogniti...
They are often categorized in 3 levels: Level 3 – Stress Critical lines – Comprehensive Computer Analysis Required Level 2 – Non Stress Critical lines – Simplified or Computer Analysi...
To clarify that Dock Hoses are generally used in processing crude oils, refined petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), chemical products, petroleum/chemical vapors, and for ballasting/d...
In addition,Maximum Rated Working Pressure (RWP), same as  Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) for Dock Hoses may exceed the limits defined by the BS EN 1765 standard. However, RW...
Monitoring Techniques:Run off plotsTake regular photo for recordWatch water flowUse erosion pegsTest with a piece of wood on the groundErosion blankets can be use and are made of biodegradable fibe...
The short answer is yes to both: the oil can be carried to the nearest shore if it belong to the country that own that particular oil field; it can also be exported to whatever countries agreed to ...
Hard crack-susceptible weld microstructures have been known to result from backwelds that are deposited last.Another potential problem with backwelds is that their location (often 40 feet or more f...
The current version of API 1104 (20th Edition) does not require the use of a specific welding procedure specification (WPS) for backwelding (i.e., bead sequence is not an essential variable for pro...
Maybe CAT themselves has the answer....
Also check out:Difference between API 650, 620, 12D, and 12F.Difference between API 2W 50 and API 2W 50T....
Also check out:Basic difference between API 620 and 650.Difference between API 2W 50 and API 2W 50T....
Also check out:Basic difference between API 620 and 650.Difference between API 650, 620, 12D, and 12F....
The short answer is NO!Flame Arresters are designed, manufactured and certified to ISO 16852 does NOT required NFPA approval.However, if your project datasheet requires the Flame Arrester to comply...
Divide the nominal pipe size by two and multiply the result by one-fourth.Pounds of electrode = (N/2) * 0.25Example: Total weight in pounds of electrode will be used per weld on 10-inch line pipe.P...
For 40-foot joints of schedule 40 pipe, multiply the nominal pipe diameter by 22.5; the answer is pounds of electrode per mile of pipe line.Example: 6-inch pipe; 6 * 2.5 = 135 pounds per mile.Examp...