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Consideration of practical replacements for gas such as coal, heavy fuel oil, middle distillates, LPG and vice versa.Fuels considered most practical replacements for gas include coal, heavy fuel oils, middle …
The following lesson learned outlines an installation of pipeline heat tracing for a new process unit within an existing chemical/petrochemical facility. The system design consisted of self-limiting cables for process …
Gas flow meter is a mechanical device for automatically measuring quantities of gas. Some of the more popular than others depending on application and requirements. The most important types are:Diaphragm …
April 2, 2020
Always follow the control valve manufacturer’s maintenance manuals. Typical maintenance topics are summarized here together with recommendation to extend the life of the control valves. Optimization of control valve assets depends on an effective maintenance philosophy and program. Three of …
March 15, 2020
Corrosion failures at compressor stations result from carelessness mostly on the part of the users or poor choices of material and/or configuration by the project.The following factors should be considered when studying options for the project:Coat everything underground, except ground …
March 4, 2020
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) - maximum gauge pressure permissible at the top of the equipment in its operating position for a designated temperature (e.g. maximum pressure that the weakest component of the system can handle). Note: the maximum allowable …
March 2, 2020
There are many factors that affect steam generating system in the energy industry, and multiple pros and cons in selecting a right steam trap for your application, the following are advantages vs. disadvantages of each type of steam trap to …
Feb. 19, 2020
Corrosion coupons, probes, holders are corrosion-sensing devices that can detect the rate of corrosion in any process environment.Corrosion coupons are probably the oldest and simple and very effective method for corrosion and erosion studies that take place in a specific …
Feb. 18, 2020
The FPSO topside typically includes a nitrogen generation and distribution system. The system should be designed to provide sufficient nitrogen for blanketing and purging of the process system in connection with minor repair/maintenance work, blanketing of methanol tanks, continuous purging …
Feb. 17, 2020
What are the Adjust and recycle logical operations?Adjust and recycle logical operations are examples of iterative calculation routines. That is, these operations take an initial guess and run the calculation with that guess. The result is compared against a target …
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A pipeline collects, conducts and discharges electric current of high voltage direct current (HVDC) origin as a result of the electric field established by the DC current transmitted through the …
The purpose of this document is to describe the design philosophy for the flare, vent, relief, and blowdown systems. This philosophy helps to establish the design basis for each of …
This document suggests the minimum requirements for the selection and installation of mechanical isolation devices such as isolation valves, spades, spectacle blinds, removable spool pieces, drain lines, and vent lines …
The term “Fire Protection” as used herein includes active and passive fire protection.This section, Active Fire Protection outlines the intended use of active (water and/or foam) systems to prevent or …
Passive Fire Protection focuses on the protection of structures in the process areas and outlines the general requirements for passive fire protection and active fire protection of structures in light …
Determining current requirements for coated lines including when pipe-to-soil potential values are estimatedTo determining current requirements for coated lines:Start survey along the line after a polarization run of three or …
Handling of energized tracers involves electrical and thermal hazardsWhile performing mechanical maintenance, a contractor received an electric shock while handling an energized self-limiting heating cable that was being removed from …
A quick and surprisingly accurate method of determining liquid discharge from an open ended horizontal pipe makes use of the formula:GPM = (2.56 * X * d2) / Y1/2Where:GPM = …
Portable Utility Hoses used in the energy industry to transfer air, water, steam, condensate, and nitrogen are often subject to heavy usage. If hoses are not properly maintained, safety incidents …